Neurodiversity Terms Demystified
Greetings, curious minds! Today, we're delving into the world of neurodiversity and the significant role that our words play. That's right, we're about to take a deep dive into the realm of language – where every choice we make can either uplift or hinder. So, let's gear up for this linguistic journey and uncover the importance of the words we use.
Words act as messengers, carrying the power to either empower or harm. When it comes to discussing neurodiversity, the language we employ isn't just a casual tool. Instead, it serves as a mechanism that can either foster understanding or create barriers. Using accurate and respectful terms related to neurodiversity isn't about flaunting fancy vocabulary. It’s about constructing a foundation for genuine understanding, inclusivity, and breaking down persistent stereotypes.
Why should we place such importance on using accurate language when discussing neurodiversity? Precise and accurate terminology promotes a deeper appreciation for the diverse cognitive landscapes that exist within humanity. By using terms correctly, we challenge the notion of a single "normal" or "correct" way of thinking, processing, and functioning, and instead celebrate the unique strengths each mind brings. Incorrect usage perpetuates harmful misconceptions, contributing to stigmatization and exclusion of neurodivergent individuals. Accurate language also empowers individuals to express their identities authentically, hopefully fostering a safer environment for self-discovery and growth.
Moreover, accurate terminology supports effective communication between professionals, individuals, and advocates, enabling collaborative efforts to enhance support systems for neurodivergent individuals. Ultimately, the correct use of neurodiversity-related terms fuels a cultural shift toward acceptance, equality, and a celebration of the diverse minds that enrich our world.
Before we dive into the terminology, let us consider one final point regarding the importance of accurate language. Dr. Nick Walker notes in her book Neuroqueer Heresies that misusing the terms related to neurodiversity reinforces ableism and “undercuts the fundamental tenets of the neurodiversity paradigm.” As you can see, there are myriad reasons why it is important to be accurate and precise in our language. So, let’s get into some definitions!
So many terms! What’s the difference?!
Let’s explore the difference in some of the most commonly used terms when referring to neurodiversity: Neurodivergent, neurodivergence, neurodiverse, neurotypical, and, of course, neurodiversity.
Before we jump into the terms, I want to clarify what neurocognitive functioning is. I will be referencing this below. Neurocognitive functioning simply means processes that are linked to specific parts or pathways in the brain. Some examples of neurocognitive functioning are: language, memory, and executive function.
Now, on to the terms!
The term neurodivergent refers to a type of neurocognitive functioning that differs from the norms dictated by dominant societal standards. The “dictated by dominant societal standards” portion of this definition is important - it serves as a reminder that in our society, dominant groups control the narrative of what is “normal” vs. “not normal.” It does NOT mean that being neurodivergent is abnormal, incorrect, or bad, and does NOT endorse the power of dominant groups. It is merely an acknowledgment of our current reality.
Neurodivergence refers to the state of being neurodivergent. Neurodivergence is a broad term, as it can reference genetic or innate forms of neurodivergence (e.g., Autism) or forms of neurodivergence that present due to one or more brain-altering experiences (e.g., trauma).
It's also essential to distinguish between neurodivergent and neurodiverse.
An individual can be neurodivergent, again signifying that their cognitive processes deviate from the “societal norm.”
On the other hand, only a group of people can be neurodiverse, as this term represents collective variation in cognitive styles. An individual cannot be neurodiverse.
The counterpart to neurodivergent is neurotypical. Thus, the term neurotypical refers to a type of neurocognitive functioning that adheres to the norms dictated by dominant societal standards. Neurotypical is not a “bad word.” Just like neurodivergent, it simply serves as a descriptor of how an individuals’ cognitive processes work.
But what about the term neurodiversity? Neurodiversity is a biological fact. It refers to the entirety of the spectrum of cognitive functioning. In other words, it means all of the ways a brain can function. So, does this include neurotypical individuals? Yes! It includes everyone.
Dr. Walker brilliantly highlights another crucial reason that using terms correctly is important: equating "neurodiversity" solely with neurodivergent individuals is comparable to substituting "diverse" for "minority." These parallels reveal a common misuse, both propping up the notion of a single "correct" or "normal" way of existence, implicitly categorizing those labeled as diverse as "incorrect" or "abnormal." This misuse contributes to conscious and subconscious “othering” of entire groups of people and can perpetuate harmful stereotypes, inaccurate information, and ultimately even more grave and dangerous consequences for the groups being othered. As Dr. Walker passionately underscores, such misuse of terms aren't merely incorrect; they perpetuate oppression. Let this serve as a reminder that our choice of words holds immense power – they shape not only our understanding but also our societal dynamics!
A Note on the Multifaceted Nature of Neurodivergence
Within the term "neurodivergent" lies a vast expanse of possibilities. Being an ADHDer or Autistic are only two ways that an individual can be neurodivergent. I plan to go more in depth on this topic in a future blog post, but other forms of neurodivergence include: dyslexia, dyspraxia, and epilepsy. This is NOT an exhaustive list by any means!
Neurodiversity Paradigm
In addition to (hopefully) demystifying some terms related to neurodiversity, I also wanted to highlight the neurodiversity paradigm. If you’re not familiar with what paradigm means, let me give you some more information! A paradigm is most simply defined as a pattern or example. More specifically, a paradigm is a standard, perspective, or set of ideas that is generally accepted as truth. For example, one common paradigm is that the Earth is spherical, not flat.
The neurodiversity paradigm can be thought of as a lens through which we can perceive and appreciate the cognitive diversity that humanity offers. Dr. Nick Walker highlights that the neurodiversity paradigm embodies several key principles:
Neurodiversity is a natural form of human diversity.
There is no such thing as a single "normal" or "healthy" brain.
The social dynamics surrounding neurodiversity mirror those present in other facets of human diversity.
To be neurodivergent does not imply an incorrect or malfunctioning brain. The neurodiversity paradigm rejects the pathologization of neurodivergence and rejects the notion of a single "right" way to think and process information. The neurodiversity paradigm encourages us to question the norms dictated by dominant societal standards, inviting us to broaden our understanding of cognitive diversity.
Wrapping up
In conclusion, our choice of words has the power to shape perceptions, foster inclusivity, and ignite change. Thus, utilizing terms related to neurodiversity in an accurate and precise way can contribute to wider understanding and acceptance of the neurodiversity paradigm. The neurodiversity paradigm invites us to break free from the shackles of oppressive pathologization, to embrace the beauty of cognitive diversity, and to celebrate the extraordinary variety of human minds. If you take away only one point from this post, I hope it is this - language matters!
References
Walker, N. (2021). Neuroqueer heresies: Notes on the neurodiversity paradigm, autistic empowerment, and postnormal possibilities. Autonomous Press.
You can find Dr. Walker’s website here.